Abu Hureyra 1

Stone Artifacts

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Type and
number

Level Phase Length
in cm 		Width
in cm 		Thickness
in cm 		Description

Grinding dishes
(Total 45)
73.3126 410 3 9.7 6.6 1.3

Thin concave piece. Both surfaces smooth with linear striations and red ochre.
73.3146 419 3 7 3.4 1.5 Thin piece, smooth and concave on both surfaces. Linear striations on one surface.
73.3163 423 2 11.4 5.8 2

Concave piece, smooth on both surfaces; linear striations and traces of red ochre on upper surface.

73.3170 429 2 4.8 5 4

Curved edge of thick dish of quite small diameter with slightly smoothed surfaces. Striations on top surface, aligned with and oblique to rim.
73.3172 429 2 9.2 7.3 1.8 Flat base piece of sub-circular dish with sloping side. Red ochre on upper surface. Striations on smooth base.
73.3174 429 2 7.6 3.8 2.1

Wedge-shaped piece with smooth surfaces, red ochre on bottom. Undulating bottom with linear striations on axis of ridges. Two sets of striations on top at right angles to each other, one aligned with slope of dish surface.
73.3177 429 2 8.1 5.5 3 Piece with flat base and curved side. Both surfaces smooth with striations aligned with long axis.
73.3209 437 2 5.3 4.3 3.9 Wedge-shaped piece with smooth top surface and partly-smoothed base. Striations parallel and at right angles to presumed edge on top, right angles to edge on bottom.
73.3210 437 2 5 5 4.2 Wedge-shaped piece, smooth with striations on both surfaces.
73.3215 438 2 7.8 4.8 1.8 Piece of thin dish, smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.
73.3229 428 2 7.5 4 4.5 Concave piece with smooth surfaces. Red ochre on upper surface, linear striations on lower.
73.3232 436 2 24 16.5 1.8 Part of oval concave dish with rounded rim. Red ochre over entire upper surface and in centre underneath. Linear striations at 30° to long axis on upper surface. A few similarly aligned striations underneath with other crosswise striations. 1.336 kg.
73.3254 441 2 6.8 5.8 2.5 Wedge-shaped piece, smooth surfaces with linear striations top and bottom. Red ochre on top.
73.3256 441 2 6.7 7.2 4.3 Piece of straight-edged concave dish on coarse basalt. Rounded rim, smoothed surfaces. Striations on upper surface lengthwise and crosswise.
73.3258 443 2 4.5 3.4 3 Concave piece of dish. Smooth surfaces with linear striations parallel to probable long axis.
73.3260 442 2 11.9 10.4 3.3 Piece of straight-edged concave dish with rounded rim. Smooth upper surface with linear striations parallel to edge; a few striations on base.

73.3267

 445 2 6.7 8.8 2.7 Piece of sub-rectangular concave slab. Smooth surfaces, lengthwise striations on top.
73.3275 445 2 7.5 5 3.5 Edge segment of concave dish. Smooth with red ochre on both surfaces. Lengthwise and crosswise striations on upper surface; lengthwise striations on base.
73.3279 447 2 13.5 13 2.2 Edge piece of sub-circular concave dish. Upper surface smooth with lengthwise striations.
73.3283 449 2 9.8 10.1 2.2 Concave piece with smooth upper surface. Patch of bitumen on top.
73.3292 452 2 9.5 7.2 1.7 Piece with red ochre on top and linear striations. Smooth on both surfaces.
73.3324 455 5 8 5 3.1 Wedge-shaped piece of flat-bottomed dish. Smooth surfaces with linear striations along long axis.
73.3326 455 2 9.5 7.2 2.2 Curved edge piece of concave dish with rounded rim. Upper surface smooth. Linear striations on both surfaces parallel to edge.
73.3327 455 5 10.1 6 1.1 Thin concave piece. Smooth with linear striations on both surfaces. Red ochre on bottom.
73.3329 455 2 7.5 4.5 1.6 Small concave piece, smoothed on top. Linear striations on both surfaces.
73.3330 455 2 12.5 11.1 3.1 Curved edge of concave dish with rounded rim. Smooth on top. Striations on both surfaces at right angles to edge.
73.3336 459 2 1.5 11.2 3.1 Curved corner piece of a dish with straight sides, flat rim and hollowed grinding depression. Smooth with linear striations on both surfaces.
73.3337 459 2 5 3.2 4 Small concave piece. Smooth surfaces with linear striations. Red ochre on bottom.
73.3339 459 2 7.2 6.4 2 Concave piece, smooth with linear striations on both surfaces. Trace of red ochre on top.
73.3342 459 2 7 6 4.5 Bottom surface of curved dish, pecked smooth.
73.3342 459 2 10.5 6.2 3 Piece of concave dish. Linear striations on upper surface.
73.3343 459 2 7 5.6 4.7 Small piece of shallow dish with rounded edge. Smooth with striations parallel to edge on top, roughly pecked underneath.
73.3345 459 2 10.7 7.5 4.9 Piece of thick dish with straight edge. Smooth on top, and middle of bottom. Striations on upper surface parallel to edge.
73.3345 459 2 7.3 6 3 Piece of flat dish with smooth upper surface.
73.3346 459 2 7.3 7.5 2 Flat base piece of hollowed dish. Both surfaces smooth with linear striations. Red ochre on bottom.
73.3347 459 2 4 4 5 Small slab piece, smoothed top and bottom. Linear striations on top, red ochre on bottom.
73.3347 459 2 4 4 2 Curved edge of dish, rounded rim. Smooth upper surface with striations parallel to edge.
73.3352 460 2 5 6.2 1.9 Edge piece with curved rim. Smooth upper surface with linear striations parallel to edge. Found with 73.3353-73.3358.
73.3354 460 2 6 5.5 3 Piece with smooth upper and lower surfaces. Red ochre and coarse linear striations on top, finer striations on bottom. Found with 73.3352, 73.3353, 73.3355-73.3358.
73.3356 460 2 12 7.2 3 Curved edge of dish with concave upper surface and flat base. Smooth surfaces with striations at right angles to edge on top and bottom. A little red ochre on bottom. Found with 73.3352-77.3355, 73.3357, 73.3358.
73.3357 460 2 6.5 5.5 3.5 Piece of the smooth upper surface of a dish with striations and red ochre. Found with 73.3352-3356, 73.3358.
73.3361 461 1 7.6 4 2 Edge piece with rounded rim of thin dish. Smooth surfaces with linear striations along long axis. Red ochre on top surface.
73.3412 466 1 6.9 4.8 3 Piece of center of dish. Smooth base, smooth patches on top. Two sets of striations on bottom at 40° to each other, irregular striations on top.
73.3416 466 1 7.4 3.6 2.9 Piece with smooth top and bottom surfaces, linear striations on bottom.
73.3417 467 1 6.3 4.7 2 Top surface of dish piece, smooth with dense linear striations and traces of red ochre.
Querns
(Total 4)
73.3252 441 2 6.7 7.5 5.7 Piece with flat grinding surface and curved edge. Fine-grained basalt.
73.3353 460 2 10.2 6.8 6.3 Edge piece with flat upper surface bearing traces of red ochre. Lower surface slopes concavely towards base. Found with 73.3352, 73.3354-73.3358.
73.3424 470 1 55.2 30.9 7 Trapezoidal with thick narrow butt. Red ochre on top and bottom surfaces. 13 kg.
73.3425 470 1 44.3 24.2 7.5 Trapezoidal. Grinding surface is slightly concave along both axes, base is gently rounded. Some smoothing and lengthwise linear striations on top, a few similarly aligned striations on base with a little smoothing and traces of red ochre.
Rubbing Stones
(Total 21)
73.3136 414 3 21.7 9.5 5.8 Plano-convex cross section. Bottom pecked flat and then heavily worn, with red ochre. Striations on base, a few on top. A little hammering at ends.
73.3137 413 3 18.2 7.7 3.2 Elongated, sub-rectangular, with oval cross section. Traces of red ochre.
73.3147 419 3 8.5 8.2 5.3 Piece with plano-convex cross section. Striations on both surfaces, red ochre patch on top. Burned in fire and cracked.
73.3171 429 2 6.3 4.4 3.7 Piece with plano-convex cross section. Quite coarse basalt but carefully shaped all over.
73.3173 429 2 9.3 5 2.3 Oval with plano-convex cross section. Smooth with oblique striations on flat side.
73.3176 429 2 9.1 5.6 3.3 Elliptical pebble with oval cross section. Flatter face, smooth with striations aligned with short axis, and red ochre. Longitudinal striations on upper surface. Ends battered.
73.3179 429 2 7 5 4.2 Segment of egg-shaped rubbing stone with oval cross-section. Smooth on one face with striations oblique to long axis.
73.3180 428 2 12.1 5.5 5 Oval pebble worn slightly concave in middle. Striations on short axis around circumference. Slightly battered at each end with traces of red ochre.
73.3233 439 1 12.3 9.9 5.2 Sub-circular with plano-convex cross section. Heavy striations on flat surface aligned with short axis, some striations on curved surface. Ends have traces of hammering. Red ochre blob on top, stain on bottom.
73.3234 439 1 15.7 6.6 2 Oval pebble with oval cross section. A little polish and lengthwise striations on both faces.
73.3253 441 2 8.5 7.9   End of oblong rubbing stone with oval cross section, squared and pecked to shape. Striations on one face aligned with short axis.
73.3257 443 2 9.5 5.8 3.5 Egg-shaped with oval cross section. Some smoothing on both surfaces with longitudinal striations on top.
73.3261 442 2 8 8 5 Squared-off end piece with oval cross section. A little polish on one face.
73.3264 444 2 11.9 9.5 6.5 Sub-rectangular with oval cross section. Striations lengthwise on one surface, aligned with short axis on the other. Red ochre on both surfaces.
73.3325 455 2 7.2 4.6 1.8 Piece of flat bottom, striations aligned with short axis.
73.3333 456 2 8 7 4.6 Piece with flattened oval cross section. Smooth on bottom, some smoothing on top. Striations on upper and lower surfaces aligned with long and short axes.
73.3344 459 2 7.3 4.8 3.7 Piece with oval cross section. Some polish on top and bottom.
73.3355 460 2 9 7.5 3.6 Half a rubbing stone with oval cross section. Smoothed on both working faces. Striations at right angles to long axis and red ochre on one face. Found with 73.3352-3354, 73.3356-3358.
73.3415 468 1 7 8 3.3 Curved end piece with plano-convex cross section. Smooth on both surfaces with striations aligned with short axis. Red ochre on both surfaces.
73.3418 470 1 8.3 7.5 5.3 Piece with flattened oval cross section. Striations on both surfaces aligned with short axis. Red ochre on top.
73.3419 465 1 12.5 8.2 3.7 Sub-rectangular with oval cross section. Traces of red ochre.
Mortar
(Total 3)
73.3094 398 3 6.1 5.8 3.5 Natural hollow flint nodule used as a mortar. Traces of heavy wear around rim on inside. Rim later flaked off on one side.
73.3259 442 2 15.5 7.8   Oblong with depression.
73.3358 460 2 10.5 7.6 4.6 Limestone piece with a straight edge, vertical side and flat bottom. Pecked out hollow, quite smooth. Found with 73.3352-73.3357.
Pestles
(Total 5)
73.3175 429 2 15.5 6.5 5.9 Tapered with sub-triangular cross section. Flaking and traces of pounding at both ends.
73.3211 437 2 7 4 3.1 Small tapered pestle with elliptic cross section. Hammering at both ends. Wide end uneven as though broken off a larger tool, perhaps a rubbing stone. Some smoothing of both flatter faces on short axis. Traces of chalk on both ends and on flatter faces.
73.3230 428 2 21.5 7.5 6.5 Tapered cyclinder with traces of hammering at both ends.
73.3231 428 2 17.5 6.8 6.7 Tapered flattened cylinder with constriction in middle such that the smaller end fits the hand. Traces of hammering at both ends.
73.3290 450 2 16.5 7.2 3.5 Tapered flattened cylinder with elliptic cross section and constriction in middle such that smaller end fits the hand. Hammering at both ends. Smoothing on flatter faces and some lengthwise striations. Patch of red ochre on one face.
Hammers
(Total 6)
73.3091 399 3 4 4 5.5 Egg-shaped pebble slightly battered at each end. Surface somewhat smoothed.
73.3120 406 3 5.1 5.1 3.8

Sub-cylindrical in shape with heavy pecking around circumference. Top and bottom polished smooth.

73.3221 438 2 9.3 4.2 3.5 Elongated pebble with triangular cross section. Hammering on one longitudinal edge. Traces of chalk and red ochre.
73.3278 446 2 15.5 9.2 5.6 A thick basalt pebble with hammering and red ochre at wide end.
73.3291 450 2 6.3 6.3 4.3 Squashed cylinder with heavy pecking around circumference. Top and bottom polished smooth. On flint nodule.
73.3334 456 2 4.6 4.2 4.2 An egg-shaped flint nodule with a little battering at both ends. Traces of red ochre.
Hammer-chopper
(Total 1)
73.3092 398 3 29.4 12 5.5 Reworked rubbing stone. One end pecked out as a handle. At the other end one side flaked for use as a hammer-chopper.
Stone balls
(Total 8) 		Diameter  
72.582 51 3 4 3.4 Flattened top and bottom, roughly pecked out with some surface smoothing. Red ochre patch. 80 gm.
72.585 54 2 3.6   Sub-spherical pebble with little surface working. 71 gm.
72.655 53 2 3.8 3.2 Flattened top and bottom, pecked out with some surface smoothing. 73 gm.
73.3108 398 3 3   Small, almost spherical, with slight flattening in one place. Pecked out and rubbed smooth. 40 gm
73.3122 407 3 3.3   Small ball found in large mussel shell (8.4 cm long). 43 gm.
73.3169 429 2 4.2 3.7 Flattened on base, pecked all over. 101 gm.
73.3277 446 2 3   Small, almost spherical, with traces of original surface top and bottom. Pecked out. 41 gm.
73.3408 462 1 4.2   Spherical, pecked all over. 101 gm.

Stone Vessels
(Total 4)

73.3262 442 2 7.3 5.4 2.8 Piece of open limestone dish with very smooth surfaces. Cracked by heat.
73.3381 396 3 8.4 5 1 Piece of decorated fine-grained basalt bowl. Grid pattern of vertical and horizontal lines scratched on outside, then separated by deep horizontal grooves. Two holes drilled near top of piece. Holes have a biconical cross-section so were drilled from each side. Surfaces scratched with flint and polished smooth in places. Traces of burning on bottom.
73.3409 463 1 5.9 5.2 2.8 Cupped limonite pebble with traces of surface polish.
73.3438 421 3 6 5.8 1.2 Piece of shallow, very fine-grained, basalt dish. Rim flaked, surfaces polished very smooth. Two sets of striations inside dish insecting at 110°.
Palette
(Total 1)
73.3123 408 3 19.1 9.8   A large, plano-convex, river pebble with a patch of red ochre on flat face. Part of the surface is smooth through use.
Bitumen smearer
(Total 1)
73.3216 438 2 6.9 4.2 2.5 Tapered chalk bar with oval cross section and bitumen smears on sides and one end.
Discs
(Total 5)
72.589 54 2 11.5 diameter 1.4 Half a large chalk disc with flaked edge broken in manufacture. Unfinished holes with conical section drilled in center from each side.
73.3148 418 3 3.4 2 0.6 Piece of thin chalk disc with wide central hole.
73.3185 433 2 3.9 diameter 0.8 Half a pierced (0.7 diameter hole), well-balanced, chalk disc. Hole has biconical cross section. Scratch marks from a flint tool on surface.
73.3286 450 2 4.8 diameter 3 Coarsely flaked natural flint nodule with central hole.
73.3382 396 3 4.3 diameter   Half a pierced (1.3 diameter hole) disc of hard chalk, flint scratches from surface shaping. Softer when wet: a finger impression on one face.
Notched pepples
(Total 25)
73.3090 397 3 7.6 4.3 1 Pair of opposed notches.
73.3111 402 3 14.5 6.2 2.4 Pair of opposed notches.
73.3125 411 3 10.4 6.9 2 Pair of small notches. Some surface polish from wear. 229 gm.
73.3164 425 2 11.4 8.4 1.3 Pair of opposed notches. A little wear at each end. 215 gm.
73.3165 426 2 9 5.6 2.3 Pair of opposed notches.
73.3183 432 2 10.5 6.3 1.1 Thin with pair of opposed notches. 92 gm.
73.3186 433 2 13.8 9.3   Thin with irregular outline and pair of opposed notches. 287 gm.
73.3188 434 2 10.5 9.5 2.2 Irregular outline and pair of opposed notches. Found with 73.3189-73.3191. 368 gm.
73.3189 434 2 9.6 9.5 2 Almost square, flat, with opposed notches and patch of polish on one face. Found with 73.3188, 73.3190, 73.3191. 283 gm.
73.3190 434 2 12.5 9.2   Heavy, flat, irregular, with pair of opposed notches. Both ends and part of one edge hammered indicating dual function. Found with 73.3188, 73.3189, 73.3191. 552 gm.
73.3191 434 2 15.9 14 3 Large, irregular, on chalk. Found with 73.3188-73.3190. 700 gm.
73.3213 438 2 7.8 5.8 1.3 Irregular, with pair of notches. 72 gm.
73.3214 438 2 9.8 6.8 1.9 Piece of large pebble with one notch.
73.3218 438 2 10 13 3 Rhomboid with pair of opposed, unfinished notches. Hammering on two corners and part of edge. Found with 73.3219. 460 gm.
73.3219 438 2 10.3 9.8 2.5 One incomplete notch, a little edge hammering. Found with 73.3218. 351 gm.
73.3222 438 2 11.7 9.1 1.5 Large pebble with pair of opposed notches. Found with 73.3223 and 73.3439. 240 gm.
73.3223 438 2 16.5 9.3 2.5 One incomplete notch, a little edge hammering. Found with 73.3222 and 73.3439. 484 gm.
73.3227 437 2 11.2 6.6 2.5 Pair of opposed notches. 263 gm.
73.3251 441 2 10.8 8.1 2.3 Pair of opposed notches. 322 gm.
73.3266 445 2 7.9 6 2.2 Pair of opposed notches, with notch at apex and flake removed from base. 163 gm.
73.3269 445 2 9.9 8.1 2 Pair of opposed notches. Polish on one face. 240 gm.
73.3276 445 2 7.8 6.2 1.5 Small, with pair of opposed notches. A little battering on one edge and traces of burning at one end. 113 gm.
73.3285 449 2 12.1 5.8 2.3 Unfinished example. Pair of opposed notches, one partly flaked the other a single flake only. 226 gm.
73.3410 463 1 8.3 4.1 0.8 Pair of opposed notches and a little flaking at one end. 43 gm.
73.3439 438 2       Unworked flat pebble found with 73.3222 and 73.3223.
Indented pepple
(Total 1)
73.3184 432 2 5.3 3 2 Very smooth oval with notches at each end. Ends then bevelled by grinding. Two hollows scratched out on each side.
Chipped pepples
(Total 3)
73.3250 441 2 11.8 4.8 1 Narrow, flat, with two flakes removed from one end and a little hammering at the other. Striations on one face.
73.3414 468 1 8.2 2.6 0.8 Narrow, flat, with one flake removed from an end.
73.3414 468 1 6.8 2.8 0.9 Narrow, flat, with one flake removed from an end. Linear striations on one side and end.
Pecked pepple
(Total 1)
73.3217 438 2 3.2 2.2 diameter Small basalt pebble pecked all over to an ellipsoid.
Faceted pepple
(Total 1)
73.3212 437 2 1.8 1.4 1.2 Polished with numerous facets ground flat.
Incised pepples
(Total 2)
73.3149 423 2 8.8 2.5 2 Cigar-shaped, of hard chalk with oval cross section. Traces of hammering at each end. Two sets of lines scratched around circumference towards the ends, more lines scratched lengthwise.
73.3228 437 2 2.8 diameter 1.1 A disc-shaped pebble with polished surface and scratched design. One line scratched around circumference. Radial lines scratched from edge of pebble towards center on both sides. One of these lines bisects face of pebble on one side.
Incised chalk piece
(Total 1)
73.3423 469 1 3.2 3 1.4 Piece of chalk with grid design scratched on one face.
Beads
(Total 6)
73.3033 396 3 1.5   0.9 Tiny river snail shell with one natural hole and one pierced. Traces of wear around its rim. Shell burned and highly polished.
73.3088 396 3 0.8 diameter 0.2 Opaque red stone disc with central hole.
73.3095 398 3 1.5 1.2 0.9 Tiny river snail with one pierced hole showing traces of wear around rim.
73.3121 408 3 1 diameter   Jadeite disc. Flaked and then polished. Probably unfinished bead.
73.3124 410 3 0.4 diameter   Half a tiny jadeite disc pierced in center.
73.3145 419 3 1.4 1 1.1

Tear drop of jadeite with hole, now broken, drilled at one end. Hole drilled from both sides.
Pendant
(Total 1)
73.3151 423 2 3 2.4 0.5 Small thin pebble with hole pecked from both sides at wider end. Surface somewhat smoothed from use.
Rod
(Total 1)
73.3194 436 2 10.5 1.4 diameter Made of slate with both ends broken off. Circular cross section tapering to a sub-triangular section towards one end. A lengthwise groove cut at the narrow end. Surface has numerous linear scratch marks but is very smooth.
Liimonite nodules
(Total 3)
72.587 54 2 4 1.2   natural cylindrical bar.
72.610 55 1 2.2 2   small polished lump.
73.3385 396 3 2.6 1.6   domed with flat base, polish on convex surface.